Computational Fluid Dynamics Study of Wing in Air Flow and Air–Solid Flow Using Three Different Meshing Techniques and Comparison with Experimental Results in Wind Tunnel

The main purpose of this work is to simulate the flow air and solid particles over a wildfire investigate single multiphase surface custom-designed wing with an Eppler-420 airfoil including appendant blended winglet. result conceptual preliminary design small-scale unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) designed assist in firefighting. fire embers will be simulated Ansys Fluent commercial code as injected continuous phase, Euler–Lagrange approach. Primarily studied were response model air–solid flows, well impact on aerodynamic efficiency due existence second phase. Moreover, effects unstructured, structured mosaic poly-hexcore meshes are investigated compared. computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, implemented using pressure-based solver, spatial discretization was conducted second-order upwind scheme, k-omega SST (k-ω SST) turbulence applied. Meanwhile, two-phase Discrete Phase Model reflect boundary condition two-way coupling between discrete To validate results, experiments subsonic wind tunnel 3D printed wing. results show good agreement simulations experiments, mesh coming closer reality, followed by unstructured meshes, respectively. Finally, reduction section observed, presence particles.